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Progesterone & Fertility/Preganancy
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- Ferre F, Uzan M, Janssens Y, Tanguy G, Jolivet A, Breuiller M, Sureau C, Cedard L. Oral administration of micronized natural progesterone in late human pregnancy. Effects on progesterone and estrogen concentrations in the plasma, placenta, and myometrium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984 Jan 1; 148(1): 26-34.
Levels of progesterone, 17 beta-estradiol, and estrone were measured in the plasma, in the placenta, and at different sites in myometrium following a single dose of micronized oral progesterone administered to 15 pregnant women immediately prior to elective cesarean section.In comparison to a control group, progesterone levels in the treated women increased in the plasma and myometrium 150 minutes after administration. Placenta progesterone levels did not demonstrate any change. No change was seen in 17 beta-estradiol levels in the plasma or the myometrium, however placental levels were increased. Estrone levels were decreased in the myometrium and in the placenta, and unchanged in the plasma.
- Hajek Z, Uhlir M. [Micronized progesterone in the treatment of imminent necrosis of a myoma during pregnancy. Ultrasound changes during treatment] Ceska Gynekol 1999 Jun;64(3):189-92. [Article in Czech]
Progesterone has a role in increasing blood flow to the uterus during pregnancy. As such, these researchers studied the effect of progesterone treatment to resolve imminent necrosis of a myoma in two cases. Both resolved within several days following oral and vaginal doses of progesterone (300-600 mg/day). Both women went on to deliver healthy, full-term infants.
- Lydon JP, DeMayo FJ, Conneely OM, and O’Malley BW. Reproduction phenotypes of the progesterone receptor null mutant mouse. J Steroid Biochem Molec Biol 1996; 56(1-6):67-77.
In an attempt to better understand the diversity of progesterone’s effects, a novel mouse strain homozygous for the absence of progesterone receptors has been studied. Female PR null mice were found to have extensive reproductive abnormalities, and results provide evidence for progesterone’s diverse role as the coordinator of events that ensure female fertility. Future studies of this animal model may help redefine progesterone’s role as not just a sex steroid, but as a key player and regulator in a variety of physiological processes.
- Massai R, Miranda P, et al. Preregistration study on the safety and contraceptive efficacy of a progesterone-releasing vaginal ring in Chilean nursing women. Contraception 1999 Jul;60(1):9-14.
In this long-term controlled study, the safety and efficacy of a progesterone-releasing vaginal contraceptive device was compared to that of the copper-T 380A IUD in nursing mothers. There was no difference in breastfeeding performance or infant growth between groups. The participants using the progesterone-releasing ring had a longer period of lactational amenorrhea than did the group using the copper T. Women were tracked for over 2000 women-months of exposure in both groups. The Chilean government found the progesterone-releasing ring to be a safe and effective contraceptive alternative.
- Pouly JL, Bassil S, Frydman R, et al. Luteal support after in-vitro fertilization: Crinone Ò , a sustained release vaginal progesterone gel, versus Utrogestan Ò , an oral micronized progesterone. Human Reprod 1996;11:2085-89.
90 mg of vaginal estrogen gel daily was compared to 300 mg oral progesterone daily in a randomized open-label trial of 283 IVF patients. Delivery rates, safety parameters, frequency of spontaneous abortion, ratio of newborn babies to embryo transfer were nearly identical for both groups. The oral progesterone group reported more drowsiness.
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