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Progesterone & Bone Health
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- Lee JR. Osteoporosis reversal; the role of progesterone. International Clinical Nutrition Review 1990;10(3):384-91.
Transdermal progesterone supplementation with and without conjugated estrogens was evaluated in a clinical setting using 100 women aged 38 to 83 years. The average time from onset of menopause was 16 years. 63 women were followed for three years with dual photon absorptiometry. Treatment also included dietary changes, nutritional supplements, and exercise. All individuals followed showed an increase in bone mineral density over the three years, with the greatest increase occurring in the first year. There was no difference noted between estrogen/progesterone and progesterone only groups. Subjective changes included increased libido, diminished hot flushes, reduced joint pain, and increased mobility and energy. No side effects were noted during treatment protocol.
- Liang M, Liao EY, Xu X, Luo XH, Xiao XH. Effects of progesterone and 18-methyl levonorgestrel on osteoblastic cells. Endocr Res . 2003 Nov;29(4):483-501.
The authors evaluated in this study the effects of progesterone (P4) and levonorgestrel (LNG) on markers of bone growth, utilizing normal human osteoblasts as well as the osteosarcoma cell line, MG-63. Their study found that, compared with placebo, both P4 and LNG increased the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts through osteocalcin gene transcription.
- Prior JC, Vigna Y, Alojado N. Progesterone and the prevention of osteoporosis. Canadian Journal of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Women's Health Care 1991; 3(4):178-84.
- In this review article, the authors propose that cyclic progesterone both prevents bone loss and acts as a bone-builder. The studies discussed focus on abnormal menstrual cycles as an important risk factor for osteoporotic fractures. Their conclusion is that the first step in preventing osteoporosis is treating ovulation disorders.
- Prior JC, Vigna YM, Schecter MI, Burgess AE. Spinal bone loss and ovulatory disturbances. New England Journal of Medicine 1990; 323:1221-7. A review of the available data indicates that progesterone acts to promote bone metabolism. It appears to be independent of estrogen by either acting directly at progesterone receptors, or indirectly through competition at glucocorticoid receptors in the osteoblasts.
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